Soon before the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), the government of the ZAR (Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek / South African Republic) decided to fortify the city of Pretoria so as to protect the capital against possible British invasion. One of the most important decisions by the Executive Council was made on 24 March 1896, i.e. to establish Pretoria as the seat of power. The Jameson Raid (31 December 1895 – 2 January 1896), an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the ZAR government, could be considered to be the most important reason for the fortification of Pretoria. An espionage map of Pretoria was found in the trunk of Capt. Robert White, who took part in the invasion. This, along with the unrest of the foreigners on the Rand, caused the government to realise that war was inevitable.
The former French artillery officer and military engineer, Leon Grunberg, drew up a defense plan for Pretoria. He recognized eight strategic places around the city, including Klapperkop, Schanskop, Kwaggaspoort, Daspoortrand (West), Magaliesberg West, Wonderboompoort, Derdepoort and Strubenkop. Grunberg suggested that armoured, revolving dome towers equipped with heavy artillery be erected there. Pretoria would thus have been transformed into a virtually unassailable fortified town.
Grunberg’s plan did not provide sufficient accommodation for soldiers and was rejected as a result. An alternative plan to build forts by two German engineers, O.A.A van Dewitz and H.C. Werner, was accepted. The plan was to locate forts at the above-mentioned locations, and so a building commission under the order of Commandant General P. Joubert was established.
Due to a shortage of money only the forts at Klapperkop, Schanskop, Daspoortrand and Wonderboompoort were completed. The commission was dissolved in 1899. Forts were also erected in Johannesburg as well as two arsenals, the Central Red Arsenal and the Green Arsenal.

The majestic Voortrekker Monument is situated in the northern part of South Africa in the Pretoria (Tshwane) region in a nature reserve. It is a unique Monument which commemorates the Pioneer history of Southern Africa and the history of the Afrikaner and is situated in a beautiful setting.
The Monument was inaugurated in 1949. It was designed by architect Gerard Moerdijk. In the Hall of Heroes is the world’s longest historical marble frieze. A tapestry with more than three million stitches is housed in the Cenotaph Hall.
Today it is the most visited heritage site of its kind in Gauteng and one of the top ten cultural historical visitor attractions in the country. It is also the only Grade 1 national Heritage Site in Pretoria. The Monument also manages the Blood River Heritage Site.